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In the previous lesson we learned the complete classification table for all Vowels. We now place the classes under each Vyanjana letter.
Let us first look the table for the 25 Grouped Consonants.
| Grouped Consonants – वर्गीय व्यञ्जनानि | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Group क क- वर्ग: | Group च च वर्ग: | ||
| Letter | Classification | Letter | Classification |
| क | Mute (स्पर्श) Hard (कर्कश) Aghosha Alpaprana Guttural (कण्ठय) | च | Mute (स्पर्श) Hard (कर्कश) Aghosha Alpaprana Palatal (तालव्य) |
| ख | Mute (स्पर्श) Hard (कर्कश) Aghosha Mahaprana Guttural (कण्ठय) | छ | Mute (स्पर्श) Hard (कर्कश) Aghosha Mahaprana Palatal (तालव्य) |
| ग | Mute (स्पर्श) Soft (मृदु) Ghoshavad Alpaprana Guttural (कण्ठय) | ज | Mute (स्पर्श) Soft (मृदु) Ghoshavad Alpaprana Palatal (तालव्य) |
| घ | Mute (स्पर्श) Soft (मृदु) Ghoshavad Mahaprana Guttural (कण्ठय) | झ | Mute (स्पर्श) Soft (मृदु) Ghsoshavad Mahaprana Palatal (तालव्य) |
| ङ | Mute (स्पर्श) Nasal (अनुनासिका) Alpaprana Guttural (कण्ठय) | ञ | Mute (स्पर्श) Nasal (अनुनासिका) Alpaprana Palatal (तालव्य) |
| Group ट ट वर्ग: | Group त त वर्ग: | ||
| Letter | Classification | Letter | Classification |
| ट | Mute (स्पर्श) Hard (कर्कश) Aghosha Alpaprana Cerebral (मूर्धन्य) | त | Mute (स्पर्श) Hard (कर्कश) Aghosha Alpaprana Dental (दन्त्य) |
| ठ | Mute (स्पर्श) Hard (कर्कश) Aghosha Mahaprana Cerebral (मूर्धन्य) | थ | Mute (स्पर्श) Hard (कर्कश) Aghosha Mahaprana Dental (दन्त्य) |
| ड | Mute (स्पर्श) Soft (मृदु) Ghoshavad Alpaprana Cerebral (मूर्धन्य) | द | Mute (स्पर्श) Soft (मृदु) Ghoshavad Alpaprana Dental (दन्त्य) |
| ढ | Mute (स्पर्श) Soft (मृदु) Ghoshavad Mahaprana Cerebral (मूर्धन्य) | ध | Mute (स्पर्श) Soft (मृदु) Ghsoshavad Mahaprana Dental (दन्त्य) |
| ण | Mute (स्पर्श) Nasal (अनुनासिका) Alpaprana Cerebral (मूर्धन्य) | न | Mute (स्पर्श) Nasal (अनुनासिका) Alpaprana Dental (दन्त्य) |
| Group प प वर्गः | |||
| Letter | Classification | ||
| प | Mute (स्पर्श) Hard (कर्कश) Aghosha Alpaprana Labial (ओष्ठय) | ||
| फ | Mute (स्पर्श) Hard (कर्कश) Aghosha Mahaprana Labial (ओष्ठय) | ||
| ब | Mute (स्पर्श) Soft (मृदु) Ghoshavad Alpaprana Labial (ओष्ठय) | ||
| भ | Mute (स्पर्श) Soft (मृदु) Ghoshavad Mahaprana Labial (ओष्ठय) | ||
| म | Mute (स्पर्श) Nasal (अनुनासिका) Alpaprana Labial (ओष्ठय) | ||
The second table shows how classes are arranged for each of Semi Vowels, Sibilants and the Aspirate.
| Ungrouped Consonants – अवर्गीय व्यञ्जनानि | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Letter | Classification | Letter | Classification |
| य | Semi Vowel (अन्तःस्थ) Soft (मृदु) Palatal (तालव्य) | र | Semi Vowel (अन्तःस्थ) Soft (मृदु) Cerebral (मूर्धन्य) |
| ल | Semi Vowel (अन्तःस्थ) Soft (मृदु) Dental (दन्त्य) | व | Semi Vowel (अन्तःस्थ) Soft (मृदु) Labial (ओष्ठय) |
| श | Sibilant (ऊष्म) Hard (कर्कश) Palatal (तालव्य) | ष | Sibilant (ऊष्म) Hard (कर्कश) Cerebral (मूर्धन्य) |
| स | Sibilant (ऊष्म) Hard (कर्कश) Dental (दन्त्य) | ह | Aspirate (ऊष्म) Soft (मृदु) Guttural (कण्ठय) |
It was already stated in previous lessons that consonants cannot be uttered without the help of a Svara. The tables show the consonants in conjunction with the vowel अ. We will be learning about other compounded letters in coming lessons.
We now have the complete alphabet, the pronunciation guide and audios for the letters. It is time for us to learn writing the letters.
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Our next lesson is hence Lesson 6: Learn writing Sanskrit - Vowels - लेखनाभ्यासः - स्वराः.
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